Among the tracks mentioned: an increase in corporate tax (IS) for large companies and action on VAT. Specifically, according to reports, companies making more than 500 million euros in turnover should pay an additional tax (eg 10%). The nominal rate of corporation tax will not be found … but the big companies will actually pay more. And perhaps as early as the down payment in December. The state expects 1 billion additional revenue per year.Questioned by AFP, Matignon said that "nothing is definitely rigged," knowing that arbitration meetings with President Nicolas Sarkozy will take place this weekend.

Clearly playing the card of fiscal austerity, France hopes to control its deficit to calm the markets. And of course, maintain its triple "A" from the rating agencies. For the record, the budget deficit is expected to 80.8 billion euros in 2012, against 95.7 billion this year. In addition, the deficit should be increased from 5.7% this year to 4.5% in 2012 and 3% in 2013.

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The Tokyo Stock Exchange and ended the session down sharply from 1.70% to 8835.52 points. The broader Topix index has in turn yielded 1.25% to 754.50 points. In Japan, the export sector still suffers from a weak yen against the dollar only after direct intervention from the Japanese government on the foreign exchange market to weaken the outbreak of the currency.On Tuesday, the dollar stood at just above 78 yen and the euro around 108 yen, well below their value on Monday. "We are engaged in a war of nerves" with speculators, said Japanese Finance Minister Jun Azumi at a press conference.

Toyota lost 1.82%, Mitsubishi and Nissan Motor 1.90%. The automotive sector has not benefited from the announcement of an increase of 28 pay day loans.3% of new vehicle sales in October. TDK has, however increased by 3.67%, even after the publication of a net profit, down to $ 56.6 million in the third quarter. Toshiba has gained 1.43% despite announcing a 19% drop in quarterly profits. Other value of the day in Tokyo: Panasonic, which has lost 5.07%.The rating agency Moody's said it may lower the rating of long-term debt of the Japanese electronics giant, because of the poor profitability of its TV and semiconductor and high costs of Restructuring.

Oil down

Moreover, time is also reduced. The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong and Shanghai respectively, losing 1.97% and 0.11%. The Korean Kospi is in equilibrium, an increase of 0.03%, the S & P lost 1.52% Australian and Indian Sensex drops 0.80%. In Sydney, the mining sector was battered in the wake of the raw materials: BHP Billiton lost 2.72% and 2.98% Rio Tinto. Same thing in Hong Kong where Aluminum Corp. 4.38% loose.

Oil prices were down after the announcement of the bankruptcy of U.S. broker MF Global Fund and new fears about the debt crisis in the euro area.

Ten days after his trip to Berlin, Nicolas Sarkozy visited on Wednesday in the financial capital of Germany for a further meeting with Angela Merkel. Officially, he came to pay tribute to Jean-Claude Trichet, who drew his bow at the head of the ECB. But in practice, to lock an agreement soon with the Chancellor. After a two-hour meeting nothing has filtered. The two leaders were released separately without comment. They looked tense.They rushed into their cars, to use the plane to Paris and Berlin.

The key issue – the appropriate role or not the European Central Bank in the financing of sovereign debt in support of the EFSF, the bailout funds in the euro area – remains still pending. France is clearly, even amending the Treaties. Germany has always been against the name of financial orthodoxy and independence considered sacrosanct by the ECB.

The question plagues the Paris-Berlin for months. At one hundred hours of a summit that everyone wants to believe decisive, it is especially doubt the strength of the Franco-German base on which the 17 partners of the euro and the 27 EU countries have establish a bulwark Sunday against the crisis and contagion."Monday morning he will have the markets, the United States, China and the IMF are convinced that Europe has a plan, a European official placed loose in the heart of the discussion. If there is no agreement, each European country will be reduced to playing individual survival. "

A "Mr Euro"

As a result, dramatically raised the bar for Sunday. Until recent days, Europeans thought solve problems in sequence: first Greece, then the recapitalization of banks with the strengthening of EFSF and economic governance coupled with greater budgetary discipline and finally the start of construction new treaties to push European integration. In an emergency, they say in Brussels, the Heads of State and Government will instead have to treat the whole as a whole.

Essential parts are already in place.Athens will release in the coming days with an 8 billion euro. She will spend the deadlines in November and avoid bankruptcy catastrophic for the euro. Unless dramatic, France and Germany also agreed on the recapitalization of banks. Governance side, it seems certain that the European Council President Herman Van Rompuy become "Mr. Euro ". The terms of the collective fiscal discipline and above the level of checks carried out by teams in each capital Brussels are still under debate. The case directly related to the revision of treaties, also raises serious questions of national sovereignty.

But against the backdrop of persistent differences between France and Germany regarding the bailout fund and the role of the ECB, it remains to organize the famous "against fire" in the euro area, ie to prevent the spread of the fire."It's reassuring to calm the Greek home. But that does not answer the real question posed by the market: what happens if other countries are in turn earned by the flames? ", Said the European official.

After degradation of Spain by Moody's and uncertainty on France by Standard & Poor's is Italy, the third power of the euro might come to haunt the summit. "Nobody talks about it openly, but everyone has the scenario of an Italian debacle in mind," said one senior source. After public criticism that its inertia creates the Italian employers, Silvio Berlusconi could be claimed Sunday accountable by their peers, they say in Brussels.

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First, European banks will have to be prepared to give up a larger share than expected of their claims on Greece. They will erase "probably more than 21%" expected, it was said Thursday the Department of Economics in Paris. Where we quick to point out that "it is no secret." "We are working on this issue" with Europe, they added. In Brussels, the figure of a discount of up to 50% is quoted."What we do not want is a credit event because it's an adventure," insists on the Ministry of Finance, where it is estimated, however, a "selective default" of the Greece "can be managed."

Once this fault act, he will then create a "confidence shock" at European level. Bercy is estimated that the French banks "are solid and have no problem of liquidity or solvency." However, "France is not deaf to the demands of the market for bank recapitalization." In other words, if the confidence shock has to go through the recapitalization, the Hexagon did not persist to refute.

Prohibit dividends

In the scenario that is emerging, which should be clarified at the EU summit of 23 October-, financial institutions would seek money on their own, in the markets.And the United States would open the "Windows" public that those who wanted to could come and borrow money guaranteed unsecured personal loan. "I'm not sure that French banks rush in!" Says a government source, thereby capturing the mood of the French bankers. The German bankers have also expressed their displeasure with Thursday to leaving the project "thinking that European banks are aware of alleged weaknesses." European level is mainly intended "to institutions that have failed the stress tests published in early summer, to those who have succeeded narrowly and perhaps a few regional banks," said Paris.

Nevertheless, the imperative that all will meet the objective of equity of 9% hard no later than mid-2012 that the EBA is about to impose.A figure Bercy "appropriate."

Will finally ensure that institutions do not go further curb the financing of the economy to meet this requirement. "To ensure that banks continue to finance the economy well, we can do things. It has, for example, how to play on their dividends, "said the entourage of the Minister of Economy, Baroin. In fact, the supervisory authority has the right to ban certain payments (dividends and bonuses, for example) as the level of fixed capital that is not achieved."If banks were not distributed as dividends in the last three years and focused on strengthening their capital, there might not be as urgent today," said a finance specialist.

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Pierre Mariani has promised that he would take "responsibility to the end", while taking care to separate the action of the fall of Dexia. The bankruptcy of the institution was caused by the "strategic errors of the previous management," he said.The latter had acquired all of the huge bond portfolio of Dexia, the source of his difficulties refinancing. She even continued to invest until the summer of 2008. Jean-Luc Dehaene has evoked the astonishment of Pierre Mariani when he arrived at Dexia, discovering that he took the lead, not a bank but "a hedge fund." Both men stressed the work done. Pierre Mariani does not regret having accelerated the process of asset sales earlier this year. He said that if states had to refinance the portfolio of Dexia at the time of the rescue of 2008, they would not have had to mobilize 90 billion euros, but 300 billion.

On-balance sheet Dexia has not withstood the pressure of the crisis in the euro area, pleads management.Pierre Mariani said that all banks had received government recommendations, requiring them to maintain their exposure to debt of peripheral European countries in order not to further destabilize the country. "The group may have been naive in following these recommendations," he conceded. In the short term, the surveillance of Moody's and "repeated rumors during the last week have increased the pressure on the financing of the group."

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Preserving the territorial balance

To reassure the railway, with which the president was to speak in closed session during part of the trip, he exclaimed: "We will invest as ever," welcoming the four sites are launched simultaneously. "Never has our country had known that, and we must continue," he added. In fact, only three sites are actually involved: the Rhine-Rhone, including two of the three branches are not built, the LGV Bretagne-Pays de Loire, whose completion is scheduled for late 2016, and finally the LGV Sud Atlantic Europe, the Tours-Bordeaux section to be completed in 2017 cash till payday advance. However, the circumvention of Nimes and Montpellier has not started.

The president warned of possible critical investment phagocytosed by TGV train.The development of the "must not be at the expense of trains regional balance," he asked. Fear belied by the extent of work planned by 2015 to renovate the existing rail network: 13 billion euros will be spent. As for the trains to balance the territory, created last December to keep a forty unprofitable lines (Coral, Intercity, and Téoz Lunéa), they are partially funded by the activity TGV. Mere announcement of the day, creating a fund to modernize the railway, along the lines of that which was created in 2009 with the ISP to support the automotive industry including OEMs."We're going to work – government, companies and networks – for that French industry continues to gain market share." He added that to remain competitive with competitors from Germany, Spain and even China, the French industry had to restructure. "The state can not ignore the future of networks that fail if they do not have a powerful help of the state to innovate."

These rates are still the subject of a bitter battle between the SNCF, which reiterates that these tolls threaten its business model, and RFF, who needs financial resources to sustain a railway network in poor condition quick payday loan. The increase was 6.4% in 2009 from 11% in 2010 and 11.7% in 2011.

For regional express trains (TER), the increase in tolls is generally softer: it should reach 2.5% in 2012 and 5% in 2013.On average, the increase should be 4.3% in 2013, while "inflation rail" suffered by RFF is 5.8%, says the network manager.

These proposals will be discussed until the end of October and will then be submitted to the Regulatory Authority rail operations (Araf).

A sector that has suffered from funding amnque

These few accidents have nothing to coincidence. A series of failures and a multitude of launch delays "for technical problems" are symptomatic of the troubles facing the aerospace sector in Russia.According to experts, they are the result of lack of funding in the 1990s. After the fall of the USSR, the government was not able to support programs in the aerospace industry in the long run, leaving this area for many years. Funding for this sector has taken the early 2000s, with an annual budget that has tripled between 2005 and 2011, increasing to $ 3 billion (2.1 billion euros), of which 700 million (490 million) in the form of commercial contracts. However, the salary of a junior engineer in a design office in Moscow Roskosmos always varies between 20,000 and 25,000 rubles (500 to 625 euros), while the average salary was over 40,000 rubles (1,000 euros) in the capital Russia in July this year.

A technology gap

Moreover, the funding problem, everything happened right after the fall of the Soviet Union, the sector has accumulated since its inception in the 1960s an important technological gap. According to the Scientific Director of the Space Policy Institute Ivan Moissev interviewed by the Russian daily Vedomosti, the current failures in the sector are linked with the Soviet legacy. At the time, the state spent a large budget for space exploration, and Russian rockets were cheaper than American rockets. As a result, all equipment were mass produced, not that special attention be paid to quality. "A satellite was lost soon be replaced by a new," recalls one specialist Roskosmos, noting that before 1991, the space agency was not used to account for missed assignments.Today, trying to fill Roskosmos somehow technological backwardness of its devices by integrating systems of foreign manufacture. But this poses problems of compatibility between them.

Soyuz is not affected in Guyana

European partners, however, remain optimistic about Russian involvement in the Galileo project. Russia announced in 2010 its intention to join the program launch navigation systems alternative to the American GPS. The project led by the European Space Agency (ESA), will start on October 20 with a deployment in orbit of the first two satellites from the Guiana Space Center (SMC), through the Soyuz. Asked by Les Echos Friday, Jean-Jacques Dordain, Director General of ESA into perspective. "We're doing a difficult job.The difference between success and failure is minimal, simply a failed component to move from one to another, "said he.

Having sacked the former head of the Russian Space Agency in April, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin ordered Roskosmos to make changes "radical" in the production cycle of spacecraft. The management agency has also decided to suspend for now the launch of all flights of Soyuz spacecraft until the cause of the accident with the vessel Progress to be clarified.

Since the withdrawal of the U.S. shuttle Atlantis, France and Russia are the only replenishment of the International Space Station with its Automated Transfer Vehicles (ATV), launched by Ariane and Soyuz.

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"Payments from the Structural and Cohesion Funds should be suspended in the countries of the euro area that do not comply with the recommendations of the excessive deficit procedure", suggests the president of the French Republic and the German Chancellor in a letter Communication to the European Council President Herman Van Rompuy.

All states of the European Union benefit from the funds created in the 1990s.The three main funds (European Regional Development Fund, European Social Fund and Cohesion Fund) are paid to countries that request it. Any region whose gross domestic product is less than 75% of the EU average receives these subsidies with the aim to help them develop.

Thus, 49 billion are paid each year as part of regional policy for 2007-2013 fast cash loans. In total, 347 billion euros, or 35.7% of the total budget of the European Union, which are allocated to regional aid policy.

20.4 billion for Greece, 21.5 billion for Portugal

To critics of these funds, the aid is ineffective: among the first beneficiaries are precisely the most indebted countries in the euro area.For 2007-2013, Portugal and must receive 21.5 billion euros from structural funds and cohesion, Greece 20.4 billion, Italy and Ireland 28.8 billion 901 million.

By transforming this aid as an instrument of pressure to encourage States to more fiscal discipline, the EU could further depress the areas most in need. But the idea is gaining ground as European leaders explore all the ways out of the euro zone debt crisis.

The idea is not new, and Germany is also one of the strongest promoters. The proposal in that the Franco-German duo at the end of the meeting Tuesday she will succeed in finding support among other member countries? The Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte has also expressed Tuesday in favor of these sanctions.

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