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Discussions intensified and meetings are multiplying as we approach the summit of Heads of State and Government of the euro zone on Thursday in Brussels. The challenge: to present a lasting solution to the Greek crisis by adopting a second aid plan. Despite the hesitation at the head of Europe, the markets want to believe a lasting solution. Paris wins Wednesday mid-day 1.45%.

Sign, however, difficult to finalize a common position, the meeting of finance officials of the euro zone has been extended from Wednesday night to Thursday morning. In turn, the summit will begin with an hour late, at noon instead of 11 hours.

"No great advances"

The postponement will allow a little more time to French President Nicolas Sarkozy and German Chancellor Angela Merkel to resolve disputes between the two countries: they meet on Wednesday afternoon in Berlin.The two countries have different objectives. Angela Merkel has applied to shower expectations. There will be "no great progress," she said Tuesday. Before insuring, Wednesday midday, the German government will show good will. And she was "very confident" of finding a common position with France to achieve "good results" on Thursday.

Recognizing that markets will forgive a bad meeting for nothing, Paris wants instead a "durable solution" is found, insisted Wednesday the government spokesman Valerie Pécresse, after the Council of Ministers. It "passes through the Franco-German couple" she added, pointing out that the main resistance to the alternative of issuing bonds were European, according to the French Government, "a German resistance."

If Paris and Berlin hold the key to an agreement between European leaders, they always seem to oppose it on ways to involve banks in terms of aid to Greece. If the amount of effort required to banks of 30 billion euros, a consensus, the methodology to be divided. Paris wants, as the European Central Bank, avoid at all costs that Greece is found in default. Germany intends to take less care. She suggested including the development does not place a tax credit, which the industry sees an evil eye.

"Agreement on the fundamentals"

The French Minister of Economy, Baroin, wanted reassurance."There is a broad convergence of views, there is an agreement on the fundamentals, there is a desire to make more sustainable debt Greek and there is still some discussion on the part of private, but it's more a discussion of degrees and not a discussion of values, "he said.

While the Franco-German leaders will finalize their position, the Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou will be in Brussels to meet at 17 hours, the president of the European Commission Jose Manuel Barroso. The aim of the summit is crucial on Thursday, insisted on Wednesday the spokesman of the Greek government: "We have tomorrow (Thursday) a peak in determining the future of the country and Europe, Prime Minister (George Papandreou ) engages in a battle to ensure that Greece will stand on two feet. "

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"There are two ways to bring artists in a festival. It depends if you have money or if we have not. " Here's how CEO François Floret and coprogrammateur Festival Route du Rock in Saint-Malo (from 12 to 14 August 2011), summarizes the difficulties faced by the organizers of summer music festivals at the time to place their programming. Because the area is changing for ten years.

Faced with the collapse of record sales, artists tend to want to catch up on their live performances. In recent years, the stamp of a headline average doubled from 100,000 to about 200,000 euros concert . Two years ago, the claims of artists such as rock bands Radiohead and the Arcade Fire could reach 500,000 euros a night delivery. A luxury that the Route du Rock, after more than 20 years of existence can not afford.Especially since the philosophy of the festival "has always been focused on the discovery of new talent," says its director.

A total of 340,000 euros per year are devoted to the artistic, or just over 19% of the annual budget of the event. Festival Rock en Seine in Paris (from 26 to 28 August 2011), this percentage reached 33% on a budget of 6 million, for a festival attendance of 105,000 in 2010.

Few artists have their own agents

To perform their scenes, organizers go through the special agents of the artists. But in most cases, they must go to production companies (the "turners") who sell the show, usually including travel, by winning 15% of the sale. Remains the responsibility of organizing the cost of hotel and catering.The financial balance of a music festival, big or small, is always delicate balance between inflation of stamps and need for headliners known to attract an audience often more sensitive, especially in times of crisis, to "safe bets".

Especially as competition from large foreign festivals like that of Open'er in Gdynia (Poland), heavily sponsored and line art more variable, contributes to the inflation of the claims of artists and the business side of an event. This year's Route du Rock will receive about 17,000 spectators to reach its equilibrium point. To get to lower costs artistic, the organizers can sometimes rely on the recognition of certain groups. This was the case last year, where the rock band The National has made a financial investment for their third participation in the Route du Rock, who has made known in France in 2005.But these returns elevators are rare, "artists tend to quickly forget their ideals of youth" deplores François Floret.

Artistic expenses under pressure

More confidence in the festival of the summer Vaour (Midi-Pyrenees), the artistic budget does not exceed 28%, 5% for the music (about 10,000 euros). Again, the trend in the price of contracts bought production companies are on the rise. No need to be an international star in setting its prices. "We can see, especially for groups that have no problems selling dates, says Sylvie De Sousa, in charge of music programming of the festival that drew in 2010, 18,000 people in nine days. Those who have more difficulty selling their shows make an effort. " The average cost to the organizers groups received between 800 and 1300 euros per service.And the festival should be more attention to his artistic expenses, some concerts are free.

Finally, the last festival that highlights specific financial issues, the uniqueness of the service provided. Artists to bring only one date is in fact a greater financial effort, where the organization of a tour allows you to spread fixed costs over several dates. A show to 1500 euros per day on tour will be up an average of 4000 euros for a single date.

Theater festivals are much more subsidized

In terms of theater festivals, the financial efforts of the programming is even greater. "Music festivals generate more ticket revenue for those plays, because they mobilize a public far more numerous. Which is also the case for ancillary revenues (bar, derivatives).In the end, the part flow from music festivals, especially the general public is much stronger, "said Jonathan Fox, the head of the theater program of the festival Vaour. In addition, the confidential nature of the discipline is also in this sense, although of lesser importance.

On the other hand, the troops come for several performances, which smooths the cost over several days. Ultimately benefits of a theater festival like the summer of Vaour range from 500 to 3000 euros, "the notoriety aspect of the company also playing its role," says Jonathan Fox. By comparison, a one-man show in Paris like the comedian François Rollin costs between 5,000 and 10,000 euros. These characteristics explain why the sector is generally far more subsidized. For example, 22% of the budget of the festival of the summer of Vaour comes from public subsidies.

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On July 7, Vincent Cerutti present the second issue of "Sosie Sosie or not" in prime time on TF1. A vote of confidence granted by the private channel to its new host, after a first edition earlier this year. Readily compared to "Surprise of making" the show had launched Marcel Béliveau in 1989 in France, "Sosie Sosie or not" brought 5.2 million viewers on 1 January (23.8% audience share ). "This proves that the concept pleases, said Vincent Cerutti. The difference with "taking on Surprise" is that it is no longer the stars who get trapped, but the stars who, in a role against type, trap and anonymous. " Three programs are planned this summer, 9, 16 and July 23 in prime time, with about twenty guests in total.Whether TF1 wants to make a recurring issue, "it depends figures and viewers," concedes the presenter, who denies receiving any pressure or targets to hearing from the chain. Maybe TF1 wants to install a new brand with this program, at least we'll try, "says he.

Earlier this year, who made his debut on TNT channel local TV Le Mans (LM TV), was screened at the presentation of the new program flow TF1, "Dancing with the Stars" alongside Sandrine Quétier. A strategic project for the chain after the end of "Star Academy". Despite a change in leadership programs, "the second season will take place in a few months, said Vincent Cerutti, although I can not tell you when and with what celebrities."

An entertainment magazine on the family in the study

Within six months, the young leader would be poised to confirm that, in its search for new faces, TF1 made him the right choice. Also not impossible that we find in other programs guaranteed high risk personal loans. "A magazine of entertainment is also being studied or for the prime-time, or to a second part of the evening. It would be a show about family life, and a pilot has been shot, "he says.

At a time when most television hosts are also producers, Vincent Cerutti has no plans for now to give in to these sirens. "Producing? Maybe one day, but it is not relevant. My priority is simple: lead and present programs as can Jean-Pierre Foucault. "In 2006, the leader had created his company, Press'Agrum Productions (which no longer exists as such), who has produced "You had your fill! "For SM TV. "It allowed me to present for four years a 90-minute talk show, where I received the guests as diverse as Marc Levy, Michèle Cotta or Jean d'Ormesson." The new host of advanced TF1 also the importance of this type of experience and regional media. "The local DTT channels are like the radio in the 1980s. These are laboratories that allow leaders and journalists of tomorrow to form. It is important to try to keep them even if they suffer a lot economically. "

This summer, Vincent Cerutti will also be broadcast on RTL, for the second consecutive summer. He replaces Vincent Perrot at the helm of "Stop or" every weekend, from 9:30 to 11:30.As in 2010, it will also be with Jean-Sébastien Petitdemange, this time for "Journey of a spoiled listener" on Saturday from 13:30 to 15:00, starting July 16. For those who started on the radio, should be seen as a harbinger of any lasting return on the air? Why not. "I speak with my manager Gerard Louvin," concedes the moderator.

Nearly 150 tail. Visitors to the Paris Air Show crowd to reach a huge tent, mounted at the end of the area dedicated to the 150 aircraft on static display. The tent is home to the Solar Impulse, the solar airplane pilot Bertrand Piccard and André Borschberg. It is the guest of honor at Le Bourget. The aircraft, powered by the energy collected by solar cells that dress, fascinates the public. The bird-dragon has a funny look with its size equal to that of an Airbus A 340, light weight (1.6 tons), its four propeller engines of 10 horsepower each, the power of a scooter and its narrow cockpit. André Borschberg spent sixteen hours to bring the Solar Impulse from Brussels to Paris on June 14. Since the device did not fly, rain and especially wind thwarted the schedule of demonstrations.With the return of calm and sunny, the Solar Impulse could fly this weekend. "It was important to return at the Bourget six years after the first presentation of the project partners – Solvay, Deutsche Bank, Omega and Schindler," says the duo.

Total Call

We are far from the early 2000s, when Bertrand Piccard was looking for funding – 100 million Swiss francs – to launch the project after the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne was funded and entrusted to André Borschberg the first feasibility study. But the duo sticks to the motto of Jules Verne: "All that is impossible to follow."

In 2004, Dassault Aviation hear about the project. The aircraft manufacturer will not money but the brains of its best engineers to the project, becoming the "manufacturer's advice business cards.""Dassault was the guardian of the real aircraft," says Bertrand Piccard.

Today, the project entered a new phase. The assembly of the second device begins next week in Duebendorf, near Zurich. "It looks like the first by its general shape and appearance. Its scale will be greater, between that of A 380 and B 747-8. It benefits from technological advances, a new engine, a different type of solar cells, "says André Borschberg.This engineer, former fighter pilot and businessman, pilot of Solar Impulse, alternating with Bertrand Piccard, a psychiatrist by training, aeronaut – he managed a tour of the world by balloon in 1999 – and a descendant of a pioneer family in the air and under the sea

Solar Impulse with the second, they hope to make long flights in stages over four to five days in a row, with the ultimate goal of a successful world tour "without fossil fuel or pollution." "The world is full of big problems that are costly and discourage," said tandem. "Aviation can provide innovative solutions by showing that renewable energy is possible. They are a source of diversification for the oil and future growth, "Bertrand Piccard is developing. The Solar Impulse is "the best vehicle for that message."The recent acquisition by Total of Sun Power, the California company that produces solar panels of the Solar Impulse, "is a good sign," said he calling Total to partner.

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The CAC 40 dropped to below 4000 points on Monday. It is even more rowdy than last weekend. Halfway through, the Paris index digs its losses and was down 1.82% at 3918.07 points. This morning, Asian stock markets operated in the dark red, especially with the Nikkei falling more than 1.5% and the Shanghai index, which lost more than 2.4%. Friday night, Wall Street also ended in negative territory. Global markets are again worried by the European sovereign debt.

At the end of last week, two bad signals were launched: the degradation of three notches, to note the long-term debt of Greece by Fitch and placed under negative outlook from that of Italy by Standard and Poors.While in Spain, the protests continue for a week and local elections gave the losing party of José Luis Zapatero.

Elsewhere in Europe, still in the middle of the session, the Dax in Frankfurt dropped 1.89%, the FTSE in London, 1.78% and the Milan Mib fall of 2.99%.

A single digit to follow on Monday, the flash PMI for the month of May. The growth of activity in the private sector in France has slowed slightly in May to 60.5 against 62.4 in April, partly due to a slowdown in manufacturing, according to the survey Markit. The rest of the week looks very busy, however, including tomorrow's business survey in industry, employment figures Wednesday and the consumer confidence Friday. The Ifo index in Germany will be known Tuesday.American side, sales of new homes will be followed tomorrow, and the expenses and incomes of households, Michigan index, and promises of sales Friday.

In addition, while the battle over the estate of Dominique Strauss-Kahn to head the International Monetary Fund opens on Monday. And a G8 summit will be held Thursday and Friday next, to address among other issues on the major recommendations of the Internet, meeting tomorrow and Wednesday in Paris.

The euro hit by debt

Also concerned by the debts, the euro depreciates. The single currency fell heavily against the dollar Monday, falling below the $ 1.40 for the first time in over two months. About 11:00 am in Paris, the European single currency was worth 1.3982 dollars against 1.4155 dollars on Friday night.

No publication of French company is expected Monday.Veolia mechanically declined from 2.64% amid dividend payment of 1.21 euro.

For his part, Alcatel Lucent yields 2.75% and 2.74% Schneider. The bank is also struggling: Agricultural Credit folds of 2.63% after S & P lowered the ratings of the bank heavily exposed to Greece, Societe Generale, 1.70% and BNP Paribas 1.53% .

Carrefour is the only value of the CAC 40 in green and gleans 0.23% by mid-session. The group has hired investment bank Lazard to consider merging its Brazilian subsidiary Companhia Brasileira de Distribuicao with (Grupo Pao de Acucar, GPA), a local leader in distribution, could be read in the Journal du Dimanche.

On the SBF 120, there are three values ​​in the green outside Carrefour: Yellow Pages: + 0.27%, EDF EN, + 0.04%, and Biomerieux: + 1.05%.

Europacorp is 0.94%.The film Tree of Life, which received the Palme d'Or, was produced by William Pohlad, distributed by Fox Searchlight, and Summit Intenrational Europacorp.

Note also, side companies, only four years after his last investigation, the Court of Auditors notes in a report that the financial situation of the social institutions of electricity and gas has further deteriorated. EDF (-1.20% to 28.40 euros) is directly concerned.

Also monitor the values ​​in the aviation sector while another Icelandic volcano woke up this weekend. A cloud of ash could reach France on Thursday.Air France KLM fall of 3.79% after the first information that emerged from the black box flight from Rio to Paris créashé two years ago.

The Malaysian low cost airline AirAsia was ready to order more than 150 Airbus (EADS: -0.62% to 22.58 euros) A320 Neo (re-engined), with new engines more fuel efficient, for $ 13, 6 to 15,900,000,000 dollars, reported Monday the daily Les Echos. Furthermore, side EADS, Daimler hopes that the German state into its capital.

Renault (-1.91% to 38.72 euros): the state could benefit from replacing the number two automaker Patrick Pelata to advocate for reform at the head of the group according to Les Echos.The state would have more influence on the industrial choice and limit the power of Carlos Ghosn in particular through the recruitment of new blood.

If the court gives due Monday at the Association of Defence of Minority Shareholders (Adam), Hermes (-0.88% to 174 euros) could lose control of its general assembly on May 30 in favor of LVMH (-2 52% at 116.0 euros).

Michelin (-0.84% ​​to 62.40 euros) intends to market within three years for a tire which sets itself in the event of a puncture.

Revolution at the Fed on Wednesday for the first time in 97 years of history, the head of the Federal Reserve will give a press conference. Ben Bernanke is embarking on this perilous exercise to counter criticism from Congress that the central bank of the United States would be opaque and insular. He is counting on this occasion not only to clarify the policy of the Fed, powerful institution, unpopular and misunderstood by the general public but also to influence the markets in recent weeks note of discord between members of the Monetary Committee.

And Thomas Hoenig (Kansas City Fed), Charles Plosser (Philadelphia) and James Bullard (St. Louis) recently voted to phase out highly accommodative policy practiced by the U.S. central bank since December 2008.Bernanke, along with Janet Yellen, the number two of the Governing Council, and William Dudley, the New York Fed, have instead argued for staying the course.

Dollar's sharp fall

Until today, the Fed chief communicated in four different ways. The first is to present its analysis of the economic situation at congressional hearings during which he must answer questions from elected officials. The second operates through the speeches to professionals may be allowed to ask some questions.

Ben Bernanke added a third method: interviews given to a television channel, recorded in advance. This enabled him, in times of crisis, to explain the unprecedented interventions by the Fed.Finally like other governors, the head of the central bank meeting 'in off journalists, he sometimes gratifies confidences to transmit sensitive messages.

The press conference is now established at the end of two days of meetings will complete the range. Four times a year, Bernanke will face direct questions journalists sharp. In Europe, the bosses of the ECB and the Bank of England are already tested in this exercise. Like their counterparts in Canada and Japan.The Fed, however, anxious to preserve its independence and a degree of ambiguity about his intentions, had never dared go that far.

For his baptism of fire, Ben Bernanke should be questioned mainly on the risk of inflation and the dollar's sharp fall.

The drop likely in June redemptions of bonds by the Fed's long-term Treasury should also be addressed. The controversial program was launched in November 2010 and covers $ 600 billion of Treasury securities. It was necessary to maintain lower long term rates and support a fragile economy. Many saw a particularly dangerous experiment monetization of public debt which diluted the value of the dollar, inflation awakened and encouraged capital flows to emerging countries.

After Ireland and Portugal, Iceland could be the third country to experience a major diplomatic or political crisis, directly resulting from the economic and financial crisis of 2007 and 2008. On Saturday, some 230,000 Icelanders go to the polls have indeed voted in a referendum against the agreement Icesave, the name of the online banking subsidiary of Landsbanski, the second Icelandic bank nationalized in 2008 after going bankrupt.

Since March 6, 2010, the date of an initial consultation, the question arose on the repayment to Great Britain and the Netherlands of compensation paid at the time of their nationals Icesave victims (about 340,000 savers). Totaling over $ 3.9 billion. A financial burden that Icelanders have refused to take in view of the first results of the referendum held Saturday, April 9.

"No problem to solve our debts"

According to figures virtually definitive, non prevail widely, with 59.1% of the vote, against 40.9% of voters in favor of yes. Certainly, the rejection is much less massive than a year ago, Icelanders have been 92% to vote against the assumption by the State for damages caused by international private banks. However, the consequences seem equally or even more complicated for the government in place since 2008. Iceland had indeed engaged in December last year to repay the Netherlands and Great Britain, all amounts advanced to their injured citizens.To plan would run from 2016 to 2046.

Already, even before the final election results, the Dutch Minister of Finance Kees Jan De Jager said he was "very disappointed" by the decision of the Icelandic people do not accept the agreement between the three countries to try to resolve a situation that has become almost inextricable. For British and Dutch side, no question that the matter ends there, whereas the two countries now that the litigation must be brought to justice.

In London and The Hague, the respective Ministers of Finance are studying the possibility of litigation to settle the case before the EFTA (European Free Trade Association). A first procedure had already been initiated by the Netherlands to that authority, then stopped to allow the three countries to negotiate the terms directly agreed.With the refusal of the Icelandic people Saturday "the negotiation stage is over" said Niels Redeker, spokesman for the Dutch Ministry of Finance. He thus echoes the English Treasury number two, Danny Alexander, who considers "disappointing" that the negotiated settlement with Iceland is either resulted in a release.

"No problem to solve our debts"

Therefore, the EFTA will resume in the coming weeks the record in hand. And Iceland may be worried because the authority was already acknowledged in 2010 that the amounts claimed by the Netherlands to Iceland and they were well due. The arrival of the United Kingdom in the proceedings, which examined the possibilities Sunday "to join it" could further complicate the task of the Icelandic government.Because if it believes it has "no problem to pay its debts" in the words of Steingrimur Sigfusson, his Finance Minister, is it always that the Icelanders are still refusing to pay the slate of private banks. More for foreign citizens. Therefore politically difficult to Reykjavik to meet its promises after two resounding rejection of his countrymen.

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After a Saturday apocalyptic traffic is completely restored Sunday on the network Rhone-Alpes. The railway line of the Alps in Bourg-Saint-Maurice Chambery, strategic routing of vacationers to the resorts, ski runs normally again after being blocked for several hours Saturday by an act of vandalism. Cable cut with a saw have in fact caused delays of up to four hours to about 30,000 travelers low interest personal loan.

Many holidaymakers are arriving and Gare de Lyon in Paris on the night of Saturday to Sunday in a mixture of calm and fatigue. At the end of the wharf, cafes and snacks were distributed to some of them. But no compensation is provided.

The player has to use default in the articles of figaro.fr. Update2

Ethics and Professional Conduct market, terms and level of detail in the communication of large listed companies are very heterogeneous. This conclusion emerges from a study jointly conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) and students from Sciences Po

Of the 80 largest capitalization on the Paris (CAC 40 and 40: the "Next40"), only 10 have a dedicated code of ethics, as recommended by the AMF in November 2010. This charter, not mandatory, declining at the enterprise level the concepts of insider trading, inside information and duty of abstention, "in addition to an already very precise definition in legal terms," says Elodie Fornas PWC, in charge of the study.

In total, 69 companies of the panel (including the 10 already mentioned) have established internal rules of conduct, but only 53 communicate publicly (on their website in their document, 2009). Without naming them, the study underscores the total lack of communication on this subject in 5% of heavyweights rating (CAC40) and 22.5% of the 40 companies following. "Either there is a failure to communicate, or market devices ethics are not sufficiently advanced in these companies to justify an official communication," says Elodie Fornas. Unlikely however that the first hypothesis applies to companies often expert on codes of speaking.

Among those who made the choice of internal rules of conduct, the supports and the level of explanation of concepts are very different.Some specify them in their global ethical code (29), others in the charter of the administrator (10), others prefer the rules of the board (23).

Finally, details of concepts is sometimes very random. On the definition of insiders, 18 companies believe it is only corporate officers, 5 others add executives, and 30 others include all employees. In several cases, some employees are not even officially informed of their status as "insiders."

The explanation of "inside information" differs among the 12 companies finally showing the 4 criteria of the definition of the AMF General Regulation (non-public information, said having a significant influence on the course and dealing directly or indirectly the issuer or the securities of companies) and companies that do not repeat 3 (they are seven), or who do repeat that 2 (14 companies).

A more mature in the Anglo-Saxon

These differences raise questions, while the practice of communication ethics market can greatly affect the image of the company and the value of its stock exchange. Witness the case of aircraft manufacturer EADS, rocked for months by suspicions of insider breaches.A case that Colette Neuville, president of the Adam (Association for the Defence of Minority Shareholders) calls never happen again.

"The approach of the French companies on these issues appears less mature than in the Anglo-Saxon countries, where market rules are more stringent," says Elodie Fornas. Including the United States where, since the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, a code of financial ethics is mandatory for listed companies. " In France, there seems to prefer the incentive approach, like the AFEP-MEDEF 2008 on good corporate governance, from business organizations, not the stock market regulator.

"The guide AMF in November 2010 is too recent to measure its effect on corporate practices.Nevertheless, he'll probably get them to rethink their rules and procedures relating to market conduct, and communication to affirm their commitment to the subject, concludes Élodie Fornas. And if the transition to a mandatory does not seem relevant, listed companies have an incentive to follow these recommendations for reducing the risk of insider breaches and sanctions, media laws and regulations made thereunder. "

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The Tokyo Stock Exchange finished Friday's session down sharply from 1.56% as investors fearing a future rise in interest rates in China could slow global recovery. At the close, the Nikkei 225 index of blue chips dropped 162.79 points to 10,274.52 points. On the whole week, the Nikkei has yielded 2.14%. The activity was intense on Friday, with 2.67 billion shares traded on the primary market. The broader Topix index of all titles of the first table on his side lost 16.34 points (1.76%) to 910.85 points.

The annual government deficit in Japan in 2020 could reach a staggering 23,200 billion yen (210 billion euros), excluding debt interest, if major reforms are not conducted according to an official report.Under this Scenario, the financial problems would only get worse for the islands, already heavily indebted to the tune of around 200% of its gross domestic product (GDP), the largest proportion among developed countries.

Moreover, in the press Nipon, augmented reality starts. Technology groups and advertising agencies invite Japanese readers and viewers to shoot pictures in newspapers or on TV images with a mobile phone, in order to bring out the videos, a fun way to connect media them. NTT Comware, a subsidiary of Japanese telecom giant NTT (-0.95% to 145.00 yen), this system is currently experimenting with the music bar Blue Note Tokyo.

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Photo credits: ANDREW Biraj / REUTERS